New strategies to prevent restenosis. Journal   American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions. Citation   Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 1(2):77-83 Publication date   2001 Authors   Kester M Waybill P Kozak M Investigators   Mark Kester Mark Kozak Peter N. Waybill Grant agencies   National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grants   NIDDK DK53715 MeSH headings   Coronary Restenosis MeSH qualifiers   prevention & control Abstract   The Holy Grail of cardiovascular pharmacology has been the search for an effective therapy targeting restenosis after angioplasty and/or intra-arterial stenting. The failure of promising therapeutics in clinical trials underscores the complexity and redundancy of the signaling cascades regulating mitogenesis and fibrogenesis. Novel therapeutic modalities have potential to target dysfunctional signaling elements directly in vascular smooth muscle cells. Significant progress in the treatment against restenosis will require the exploitation and cross-fertilization of developments in the fields of pharmacology, bioengineering, genetics, and molecular biology. Collaboration among researchers in these fields will be essential.